Ngati tiyi wobiriwira ndi kazembe wazithunzi za zakumwa zaku East Asia, ndiye kuti tiyi wakuda wafalikira padziko lonse lapansi.Kuchokera ku China kupita ku Southeast Asia, North America, ndi Africa, tiyi wakuda amatha kuwoneka.Tiyi iyi, yomwe idabadwa mwangozi, yakhala chakumwa chapadziko lonse lapansi ndi kutchuka kwa chidziwitso cha tiyi.
Kupambana kolephera
Chakumapeto kwa Ming ndi ma Dynasties oyambirira a Qing, gulu lankhondo linadutsa mumudzi wa Tongmu, Wuyi, Fujian, ndikugwira fakitale ya tiyi.Asilikaliwo analibe malo ogona, choncho ankagona panja pamasamba a tiyi ataunjikidwa pansi m’fakitale ya tiyi.“Matiyi otsika” amenewa amawumitsidwa ndi kuphikidwa ndipo amagulitsidwa pamtengo wotsika.Masamba a tiyi amatulutsa fungo lamphamvu la paini.
Anthu a m’derali akudziwa kuti uyu ndi tiyi wobiriwira amene walephera kupanga, ndipo palibe amene akufuna kumugula ndi kumwa.Iwo mwina sanaganize kuti pasanathe zaka zingapo, tiyi wolepherayo adzakhala wotchuka padziko lonse lapansi ndikukhala chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu za malonda akunja a Qing Dynasty.Dzina lake ndi tiyi wakuda.
Ma tea ambiri a ku Ulaya omwe tikuwawona tsopano amachokera ku tiyi wakuda, koma kwenikweni, monga dziko loyamba kugulitsa tiyi ndi China pamlingo waukulu, a British adadutsanso njira yayitali yolandira tiyi wakuda.Tiyi atabwera ku Ulaya kudzera ku Dutch East India Company, a British analibe ufulu wolamulira ku Southeast Asia, choncho anayenera kugula tiyi kuchokera ku Dutch.Tsamba lodabwitsali lochokera Kum'mawa lakhala lamtengo wapatali kwambiri pofotokozera apaulendo aku Europe.Imatha kuchiza matenda, kuchedwetsa kukalamba, ndipo nthawi yomweyo imayimira chitukuko, mpumulo ndi chidziwitso.Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo wobzala ndi kupanga tiyi wawonedwa ngati chinsinsi chapamwamba chaboma ndi ma Dynasties aku China.Kuwonjezera pa kupeza tiyi wokonzeka kuchokera kwa amalonda, anthu a ku Ulaya ali ndi chidziwitso chofanana cha zipangizo za tiyi, malo obzala, mitundu, etc. Sindikudziwa.Tiyi yomwe idatumizidwa kuchokera ku China inali yochepa kwambiri.M'zaka za m'ma 1600 ndi 1700, Apwitikizi anasankha kuitanitsa tiyi kuchokera ku Japan.Komabe, pambuyo pa ntchito yowononga Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Akristu ambiri a ku Ulaya anaphedwa ku Japan, ndipo malonda a tiyi anatsala pang’ono kusokonezedwa.
Mu 1650, mtengo wa 1 mapaundi a tiyi ku England unali pafupifupi mapaundi 6-10, osinthidwa kukhala mtengo wamasiku ano, unali wofanana ndi mapaundi 500-850, ndiko kuti, tiyi yotsika mtengo kwambiri ku Britain panthawiyo mwina inagulitsidwa. zofanana ndi 4,000 yuan lero / mtengo wamkaka.Izinso ndi zotsatira za kutsika kwa mitengo ya tiyi pamene malonda akuwonjezeka.Sizinafike mpaka 1689 pomwe kampani yaku Britain East India idalumikizana ndi boma la Qing ndikuitanitsa tiyi wochulukira kuchokera kumayendedwe ovomerezeka, ndipo mtengo wa tiyi waku Britain unatsika pansi pa 1 pounds.Komabe, kwa tiyi wotumizidwa kuchokera ku China, a British akhala akusokonezeka nthawi zonse pazabwino, ndipo nthawi zonse amamva kuti tiyi ya ku China siikhazikika.
Mu 1717, Thomas Twinings (woyambitsa mtundu wa TWININGS wamakono) adatsegula chipinda choyamba cha tiyi ku London.Chida chake chamatsenga pabizinesi ndikuyambitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tiyi wosakanikirana.Ponena za chifukwa chopangira tiyi wosakanikirana, ndichifukwa choti kukoma kwa tiyi wosiyanasiyana kumasiyana kwambiri.Mdzukulu wa TWININGS nthawi ina anafotokoza njira ya agogo ake, “Ngati mutulutsa tiyi mabokosi makumi awiri ndi kulawa tiyi mosamala, adzapeza kuti bokosi lililonse lili ndi kukoma kosiyana: ena ndi amphamvu ndi onunkhira, ena ndi opepuka komanso osaya… Posakaniza. ndi kufananiza tiyi kuchokera ku mabokosi osiyanasiyana, titha kupeza chosakaniza chomwe chili chokoma kuposa bokosi lililonse.Kuphatikiza apo, iyi ndi njira yokhayo yowonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino. ”Oyendetsa sitima a ku Britain panthawi imodzimodziyo adalembanso zolemba zawo zomwe adakumana nazo kuti ayenera kukhala tcheru pochita ndi amalonda aku China.Matiyi ena ndi akuda, ndipo amatha kuona kuti tiyi si wabwino.Koma kwenikweni, tiyi wamtundu uwu ndi tiyi wakuda wopangidwa ku China.
Sipanapite nthawi pamene anthu a ku Britain adadziwa kuti tiyi wakuda ndi wosiyana ndi tiyi wobiriwira, zomwe zinachititsa chidwi kumwa tiyi wakuda.Atabwerako kuchokera kuulendo wopita ku China, m’busa wa ku Britain John Overton anauza a British kuti ku China kuli mitundu itatu ya tiyi: tiyi wa Wuyi, tiyi wa songluo ndi tiyi wa keke, ndipo pakati pawo tiyi wa Wuyi amalemekezedwa ngati woyamba ndi anthu a ku China.”Kuchokera apa, aku Britain adayamba Iwo adagwira chizolowezi chomwa tiyi wakuda wa Wuyi wapamwamba kwambiri.
Komabe, chifukwa cha chinsinsi chenicheni cha boma la Qing pa chidziwitso cha tiyi, anthu ambiri aku Britain sankadziwa kuti kusiyana pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tiyi kunayamba chifukwa cha kukonzedwa, ndipo molakwika amakhulupirira kuti pali mitengo ya tiyi yobiriwira, mitengo ya tiyi yakuda, ndi zina zotero. .
Kukonza tiyi wakuda ndi chikhalidwe cha komweko
Pakupanga tiyi wakuda, maulalo ofunikira kwambiri ndikufota ndi kupesa.Cholinga chofota ndikutaya chinyezi chomwe chili m'masamba a tiyi.Pali njira zitatu zazikulu: kufota kwa dzuwa, kufota kwachilengedwe m'nyumba ndi kufota kwa kutentha.Kupanga tiyi wakuda zamakono nthawi zambiri kumachokera ku njira yotsiriza.Njira yowotchera ndiyo kukakamiza theaflavins, thearubigins ndi zigawo zina zomwe zili m'masamba a tiyi, chifukwa chake tiyi wakuda adzawoneka wofiira.Malinga ndi kupanga ndi zida za tiyi, anthu adagawa tiyi wakuda m'mitundu itatu, yomwe ndi tiyi wakuda wa Souchong, tiyi wakuda wa Gongfu ndi tiyi wofiyira.Ziyenera kutchulidwa kuti anthu ambiri adzalemba Gongfu Black Tea monga "Kung Fu Black Tea".Ndipotu, matanthauzo a awiriwa sakugwirizana, ndipo matchulidwe a "Kung Fu" ndi "Kung Fu" kum'mwera kwa Hokkien ndi osiyana.Njira yolondola yolembera iyenera kukhala "Gongfu Black Tea".
Tiyi wakuda wa Confucian ndi tiyi wakuda wosweka ndizofala zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja, ndipo zomaliza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'matumba a tiyi.Monga tiyi wochuluka wotumizidwa kunja, tiyi wakuda sanakhudze United Kingdom m'zaka za zana la 19.Popeza Yongzheng adasaina pangano ndi Tsarist Russia m'chaka chachisanu, China idayamba kugulitsana ndi Russia, ndipo tiyi wakuda idayambitsidwa ku Russia.Kwa anthu aku Russia omwe amakhala kumalo ozizira, tiyi wakuda ndi chakumwa choyenera chotenthetsera.Mosiyana ndi British, a Russia amakonda kumwa tiyi wamphamvu, ndipo adzawonjezera kupanikizana, magawo a mandimu, burande kapena ramu ku mlingo waukulu wa tiyi wakuda kuti agwirizane ndi Mkate, scones ndi zokhwasula-khwasula zina akhoza pafupifupi kutumikira monga chakudya.
Momwe anthu aku France amamwa tiyi wakuda ndi ofanana ndi a ku UK.Iwo amangoganizira za chisangalalo.Adzawonjezera mkaka, shuga kapena mazira ku tiyi wakuda, kupanga maphwando a tiyi kunyumba, ndikukonzekera zowotcha zophikidwa.Amwenye pafupifupi amamwa kapu ya tiyi wamkaka wopangidwa ndi tiyi wakuda akamaliza kudya.Njira yopangira izo ndi yapadera kwambiri.Ikani tiyi wakuda, mkaka, cloves, ndi cardamom pamodzi mumphika kuti muphike, kenaka tsanulirani zopangira kupanga tiyi wamtunduwu.Chakumwa chotchedwa "Masala Tea".
Kufanana koyenera pakati pa tiyi wakuda ndi zida zosiyanasiyana kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yotchuka padziko lonse lapansi.M'zaka za zana la 19, pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti tiyi wakuda wapezeka, a British adalimbikitsa madera kuti azilima tiyi, ndipo anayamba kulimbikitsa chikhalidwe chakumwa tiyi kumadera ena pamodzi ndi kuthamanga kwa golide.Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, Australia ndi New Zealand adakhala mayiko omwe amamwa tiyi kwambiri pamunthu aliyense.Ponena za malo obzala, kuwonjezera pa kulimbikitsa India ndi Ceylon kupikisana pa kubzala tiyi wakuda, a British adatsegulanso minda ya tiyi m'mayiko a ku Africa, omwe amaimira Kenya.Pambuyo pa chitukuko chazaka zana, Kenya lero yakhala yachitatu pakupanga tiyi wakuda padziko lonse lapansi.Komabe, chifukwa cha dothi lochepa komanso nyengo, tiyi wakuda waku Kenya siwoyenera.Ngakhale zotulutsa zake ndi zazikulu, zambiri zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati matumba a tiyi.zopangira.
Ndi kukwera kwamphamvu kwa kubzala tiyi wakuda, momwe angayambitsire mtundu wawo wakhala nkhani kwa amalonda a tiyi wakuda kuganiza mozama.Pachifukwa ichi, wopambana wa chaka anali mosakayikira Lipton.Akuti Lipton ndi wokonda kwambiri yemwe amatenga kukwezedwa kwa tiyi wakuda maola 24 patsiku.Nthawi ina sitima yonyamula katundu yomwe Lipton anakwera inasweka, ndipo woyendetsa ndegeyo anauza anthuwo kuti aponyere katundu wina m’nyanja.Nthawi yomweyo Lipton adawonetsa kufunitsitsa kwake kutaya tiyi wake wakuda.Asanataye mabokosi a tiyi wakuda, adalemba dzina la kampani ya Lipton pabokosi lililonse.Mabokosi awa omwe adaponyedwa m'nyanja adayandama kupita ku Peninsula ya Arabia m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndipo Aarabu omwe adawatola pamphepete mwa nyanja adakonda chakumwacho atauphika.Lipton adalowa mumsika waku Arabia ndi ndalama pafupifupi ziro.Popeza kuti Lipton mwiniwakeyo ndi katswiri wodzitamandira komanso katswiri wotsatsa, zowona za nkhani yomwe adanenazi sizinatsimikizidwebe.Komabe, mpikisano woopsa komanso mpikisano wa tiyi wakuda padziko lapansi ukhoza kuwoneka kuchokera ku izi.
Mndi mitundu
Keemun Kungfu, Lapsang Souchong, Jinjunmei, Yunnan Ancient Tree Black Tea
Stiyi wakuda
Souchong amatanthauza kuti chiwerengerocho ndi chosowa, ndipo njira yapadera ndikudutsa mphika wofiira.Kupyolera mu njirayi, kuyaka kwa masamba a tiyi kumayimitsidwa, kuti asunge fungo la masamba a tiyi.Kuchita zimenezi kumafuna kuti kutentha kwa mphika wachitsulo kukafika pofunika, gwedezani mphikawo ndi manja onse awiri.Nthawi iyenera kuyendetsedwa bwino.Kutalikirapo kapena kufupika kwambiri kungawononge kwambiri tiyi.
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Gongfu wakuda tiyi
Gulu lalikulu la tiyi wakuda waku China.Choyamba, madzi omwe ali m'masamba a tiyi amachepetsedwa mpaka 60% pofota, ndiyeno njira zitatu zopukutira, kuyanika, ndi kuyanika zimachitika.Panthawi yowotchera, chipinda chowotchera chiyenera kusungidwa mopanda kuwala ndipo kutentha kuli koyenera, ndipo pamapeto pake ubwino wa masamba a tiyi umasankhidwa kupyolera mu kukonza bwino.
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Mtengo CTC
Kukanda ndi kudula kumalowa m'malo mwa kukanda pakupanga mitundu iwiri yoyambirira ya tiyi wakuda.Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa njira zamanja, zamakina, zopondera ndi zodulira, mtundu ndi mawonekedwe azinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndizosiyana kwambiri.Tiyi wosweka wofiira nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira matumba a tiyi ndi tiyi wamkaka.
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Jin Junmei
●Chiyambi: Phiri la Wuyi, Fujian
● Mtundu wa supu: chikasu chagolide
● Kununkhira: Kuluka kophatikizana
Tiyi yatsopano, yomwe idapangidwa mu 2005, ndi tiyi wakuda wapamwamba kwambiri ndipo iyenera kupangidwa kuchokera kumitengo ya tiyi ya alpine.Pali zotsanzira zambiri, ndipo tiyi weniweni wowuma wachikasu, wakuda, ndi golide ndi wamitundu itatu, koma palibe mtundu umodzi wagolide.
Lapsang Souchong
●Chiyambi: Phiri la Wuyi, Fujian
● Mtundu wa supu: wofiira kwambiri
● Kununkhira: Kununkhira kwa paini
Chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito nkhuni zapaini zomwe zimapangidwa kwanuko kusuta ndi kuwotcha, Lapsang Souchong idzakhala ndi rosin kapena fungo lonunkhira lapadera.Nthawi zambiri kuwira koyamba ndi fungo la Pine, ndipo pambuyo pa thovu ziwiri kapena zitatu, kununkhira kwautali kumayamba kutuluka.
Tanyang Kungfu
●Chiyambi: Fu'an, Fujian
● Mtundu wa supu: wofiira kwambiri
● Kununkhira: Kukongola
Chinthu chofunika kwambiri chogulitsa kunja mu nthawi ya Qing Dynasty, poyamba chinakhala tiyi wosankhidwa ku banja lachifumu la Britain, ndipo chimapanga ndalama zokwana madola mabiliyoni a siliva mu ndalama zakunja za Qing Dynasty chaka chilichonse.Koma ili ndi mbiri yotsika ku China, ndipo idasinthidwa kukhala tiyi wobiriwira m'ma 1970.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-10-2023